01 - Preheat the oven to 400°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, and salt.
03 - Using a pastry blender or your fingers, cut the cold butter into the dry ingredients until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs.
04 - Stir in the raisins and caraway seeds until evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
05 - In a separate bowl, whisk together the buttermilk and egg until well combined.
06 - Make a well in the center of the dry ingredients. Pour in the buttermilk mixture and stir with a wooden spoon until just combined; do not overmix as this will develop gluten.
07 - Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface and gently knead 6 to 8 times until it comes together. The dough will be sticky.
08 - Shape the dough into a round loaf approximately 7 inches in diameter. Transfer to the prepared baking sheet.
09 - Using a sharp knife, cut a deep X across the top of the loaf, approximately 1/2 inch deep.
10 - Bake for 35 to 40 minutes, or until the loaf is golden brown and sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.
11 - Cool on a wire rack for at least 30 minutes before slicing.