01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the pasta and cook according to package directions until al dente. Drain thoroughly, rinse under cold water to stop cooking, and set aside to cool completely.
02 - Heat a grill or large skillet over medium-high heat. Lightly brush corn with oil and cook, turning frequently, until kernels develop charred spots and become tender, about 8-10 minutes. Allow to cool, then cut kernels from the cobs. For frozen corn, sauté in a dry skillet until lightly golden.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together mayonnaise, sour cream, lime juice, chili powder, smoked paprika, cumin, salt, and black pepper until fully combined and smooth.
04 - Add cooled pasta, corn kernels, bell pepper, red onion, jalapeño, and cilantro to the dressing. Toss thoroughly until all components are evenly coated.
05 - Gently fold in crumbled cotija cheese. Taste the mixture and adjust salt, pepper, or lime juice as needed to balance flavors.
06 - Refrigerate the salad for at least 15 minutes to allow flavors to meld. Before serving, garnish with additional cilantro, lime wedges, and a light dusting of chili powder if desired.